TV

TV stands for time value and chooses the shutter speed to be the priority. A fast shutter speed allows less light to be captured, a slower speed will do the opposite. Faster shutter speeds are used for freezing images in their moment of time. Slower speeds can allow for moving items to “drag” across your image. 

Example:




My own images:

I used a fast shutter speed to capture these images, around 1/500, to give a crisp, focused result.

Contact Sheet: 

HDR

 

HDR is short for High Dynamic Range. It is a post-processing task of taking either one image or a series of images, combining them, and adjusting the contrast ratios to do things that are virtually impossible with a single aperture and shutter speed.

An HDR image is commonly made by taking three photos of the same scene, each at different shutter speeds. The result is a bright, medium, and dark photo, based on the amount of light that got through the lens. Photoshop can then be used to combine all the photos to bring details to the shadows and highlights both. This helps to achieve the same task in the final photograph that the human eye can accomplish on the scene. 
Examples of HDR: 






My own images:

Contact sheets: